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What kind of cancer does a 10 year old cat have?

What kind of cancer does a 10 year old cat have?

Feline mammary carcinomas represent the third most common type of feline cancer overall and the most frequently diagnosed feline cancer in cats older than 10 years of age. Cats have two “chains” or rows of mammary glands with four in each chain.

What do you need to know about cancer in cats?

10 Things to Know About Cancer in Cats 1 In older cats, the odds of getting cancer are about 50/50. 2 Cats commonly get certain types of cancer. According to Dr. 3 Vomiting is NOT normal in cats (and it IS one of the signs of cancer in cats). 4 Different cancers have different symptoms. 5 Early detection is key to survival when it comes…

Why are older cats more likely to get cancer?

It’s likely a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Senior cats, those in their final life stage (aged 10 years or older), are more likely to develop cancer. Although there are many types of cancer that affect every organ in the body, below I will focus on three of the more common types of cancer in older cats.

What are the different types of tumors in cats?

Types of Feline Tumors: Mammary (Feline Mammary Tumor) : This is the third most frequently occurring tumors in cats and can be seen in both males and females. Feline mammary tumors are seen in cats between age 10 and 12 and may require surgery and chemotherapy. They tumor type is called adenocarcinomas.

Feline mammary carcinomas represent the third most common type of feline cancer overall and the most frequently diagnosed feline cancer in cats older than 10 years of age. Cats have two “chains” or rows of mammary glands with four in each chain.

10 Things to Know About Cancer in Cats 1 In older cats, the odds of getting cancer are about 50/50. 2 Cats commonly get certain types of cancer. According to Dr. 3 Vomiting is NOT normal in cats (and it IS one of the signs of cancer in cats). 4 Different cancers have different symptoms. 5 Early detection is key to survival when it comes…

It’s likely a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Senior cats, those in their final life stage (aged 10 years or older), are more likely to develop cancer. Although there are many types of cancer that affect every organ in the body, below I will focus on three of the more common types of cancer in older cats.

How old do cats have to be to get lung cancer?

This may be due to an increased average life span, better detection and awareness, or, possibly, increasing exposure to cancer-causing agents in the environment. Most primary lung tumors are diagnosed at an average age of 12 years in cats.

Is it possible for a cat to get cancer?

Cancer is the number-one disease-related killer of cats and dogs. Many cancer symptoms in cats are subtle and can be caused by another condition, but if you notice any of the following potential cancer warning signs, it’s a good idea to talk to your vet.

What are the symptoms of a feline skull tumor?

Spinal Cord: This condition is caused by feline lymphosarcoma. As the tumor grows it puts pressure on the spinal chord. Symptoms are some type of paralysis or weakness. Skull (Cat skull tumors): This type of tumor is known as an osteosarcoma which is the most common type of “primary” tumor in cats.

Spinal Cord: This condition is caused by feline lymphosarcoma. As the tumor grows it puts pressure on the spinal chord. Symptoms are some type of paralysis or weakness. Skull (Cat skull tumors): This type of tumor is known as an osteosarcoma which is the most common type of “primary” tumor in cats.

Can a cat get cancer at any age?

“Cancer is a disease of age so, as in people, the older we get, the greater the chance that we’ll have cancer. One of the problems is that our pets are living longer so we’re seeing more cancer.” However, cancer can affect a cat of any age, even young and middle-aged cats.

Types of Feline Tumors: Mammary (Feline Mammary Tumor) : This is the third most frequently occurring tumors in cats and can be seen in both males and females. Feline mammary tumors are seen in cats between age 10 and 12 and may require surgery and chemotherapy. They tumor type is called adenocarcinomas.

How long can a cat live with a mast cell tumor?

Spleen removal (splenectomy) can improve the cats survival time from 12 months to as long as 3 years. If the mast cell tumors are found in the intestines, death usually occurs within 4 months. Chemotherapy has not shown to be effective. Nasal: These tumors usually appear inside one side of the nose.

How long can a cat live with cancer?

Cats can live for many years after a cancer diagnosis. Depending on the type of cancer, with timely treatment you might have many more years with your cat. “What I think is really important if your pet is diagnosed with cancer is that you go see a cancer specialist.

What kind of skin cancer does a cat have?

Meanwhile, cat skin cancer (cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma) affects mainly the head, ears, eyelids and nose. These tumors are firm plaques that can be ulcerated, bleed and scab over. They may also present as non-haired lumps or bumps. Cat skin cancer rarely spreads to other organs, but it can recur in the same area after initial removal.

Is it possible for a cat to die of cancer?

Cancer in cats used to be a death sentence, but with recent advances in veterinary medicine, it may be possible for your cat to be with you for several more years. The best way to protect your friend from this disease is to be knowledgeable about feline cancer symptoms so you can catch it early.

Is it normal for a cat to die of old age?

Indications a Cat Is Dying of Old Age. It is not so much old age, but more typically the complications associated with failing organ systems, that kill a cat. These types of diseases are more common during the feline geriatric years. The symptoms of aging and death are similar.

How old is a 15 year old cat?

But other times that’s not how it happens. Consider a cat I treated several weeks ago. She was 15 years old. The owner reported that she had seemed perfectly fine — except for drinking more water than usual — up until two days before she was brought in.

When to take your cat to the vet for cancer?

He recommends taking your cat for vet exams every six months when they are eight to 10 years of age. Symptoms of Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Cats According to Dr. Lachowicz, symptoms of squamous cell carcinomas may include:

How to tell if your cat is dying of old age?

Telltale Signs an Old Cat Is Dying 1 Indications a Cat Is Dying of Old Age. According to the Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine,… 2 Signs of Death for Specific Diseases. Geriatric cats can die from several types… 3 Treatment Considerations. The severity of your cat’s symptoms will increase during… 4 The Aging Cat. When a cat ages,…

Telltale Signs an Old Cat Is Dying 1 Indications a Cat Is Dying of Old Age. According to the Cornell College of Veterinary Medicine,… 2 Signs of Death for Specific Diseases. Geriatric cats can die from several types… 3 Treatment Considerations. The severity of your cat’s symptoms will increase during… 4 The Aging Cat. When a cat ages,…

How old is a 16 year old cat?

By age 16 your cat’s physical and mental development is very much like that of an 80-year-old person. She has definitely slowed down physically (relative to her prime adult years)and may have developed a number of health problems.

He recommends taking your cat for vet exams every six months when they are eight to 10 years of age. Symptoms of Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Cats According to Dr. Lachowicz, symptoms of squamous cell carcinomas may include:

What kind of cancer does a cat have on its foot?

The presence a tumor on the nail bed is a rare condition in cats. More commonly, tumors appear on the feet after having metastasized from other areas of the body. The two most common types of tumors found on the foot are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and melanocytic tumors. Squamous cell carcinoma affects the cells…

What kind of cancer does an elderly cat have?

Older cats have weathered the years and their body becomes weaker as they age. This makes them more prone to certain types of cancer as their immune system is also weakened. In this article we focus on the three most common types of tumor in cats: mammary gland tumors, lymphoma, and squamous cell carcinoma.

Can a cat be diagnosed with breast cancer?

Anorexia is a common symptom of many diseases. Even if a tumor or cancer is not present, the cat may still need treatment for whatever is the underlying cause. The most common diagnostic tools for cats with breast cancer are cytology and biopsy.

What kind of brain tumors do cats have?

Meningiomas are primary brain tumors and account for 56-69 percent of all brain tumor types in cats. They are typically slow-growing tumors in cats. Other primary brain tumors include lymphosarcoma (LSA), pituitary tumors, gliomas, ependymoma, choroid plexus papilloma, medulloblastoma, olfactory neuroblastoma, and gangliocytoma. 9

What are the symptoms of cancer in cats?

It’s important to note that many problems and diseases will cause these same symptoms and they are not specific to cancer. In fact, the top three signs—decreased appetite, lethargy and weight loss—occur in cats who have almost any illness.

But sometimes your cat may have a tumor that you can’t feel from the outside. There are other symptoms of cancer that you might notice in your cat. If you notice these symptoms in your cat, or if you feel a lump on her body, you should take her to the vet for a check up.

Is it possible for a cat to have cancer?

It’s the diagnosis no pet parent wants to hear. Cancer is a serious disease, but it’s not always a death sentence, especially if you catch the cancer early and seek treatment. Knowing the signs of cancer in cats and things you can do to watch for cancer can literally save your cat’s life. Read on to learn 10 facts about cancer in cats. 1.

How can you tell if your cat has a feline tumor?

Feline Tumors Diagnosis. If you bring your cat to the vet with signs of a feline tumor, the vet will do a very thorough physical exam, which will include feeling your cat’s body for any abnormal masses. If a mass can be felt, your veterinarian will x-ray that area of your cat’s body.

What to do if your cat has skin cancer?

Some skin cancers can be completely removed with surgery, especially if you catch them when they are small. Even internal cancers can be treated, depending on the type of cancer and how long your cat has had the cancer. 7. Cancer in cats is treated similarly to cancer in people.

Cats can live for many years after a cancer diagnosis. Depending on the type of cancer, with timely treatment you might have many more years with your cat. “What I think is really important if your pet is diagnosed with cancer is that you go see a cancer specialist.

What are the symptoms of lymphoma in cats?

According to Dr. Arteaga, these are the symptoms of lymphoma in cats: Possible factors that contribute to the likelihood of a cat developing lymphoma include:

What makes cats more likely to get lymphoma?

Possible factors that contribute to the likelihood of a cat developing lymphoma include: 1 Being positive for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) 2 Exposure to secondhand smoke 3 Diet 4 Genetics ( Siamese cats are overrepresented)

How old does a cat have to be to have lymphoma?

Mediastinal lymphoma is often seen in young cats, with an average age of onset of 5 years old. This type of lymphoma is strongly associated with feline leukemia virus; 80% of affected cats test positive for feline leukemia.

What to do if your cat has low grade lymphoma?

Low-grade lymphoma, in cats, is more likely to respond to chemotherapy and chemotherapy often results in longer periods of remission. If your cat is diagnosed with lymphoma, your veterinarian may perform additional testing, such as immunohistochemistry. This testing can help further characterize the lymphoma and develop a treatment plan.

Are there any side effects for a cat with lymphoma?

Lymphoma is one of the most responsive cancers to chemotherapy, so that is a good front line option. Some cats may experience side effects like nausea and vomiting, but cats generally tolerate chemotherapy much better than humans, and many may show no signs of being on the drugs at all.

Feline Tumors Diagnosis. If you bring your cat to the vet with signs of a feline tumor, the vet will do a very thorough physical exam, which will include feeling your cat’s body for any abnormal masses. If a mass can be felt, your veterinarian will x-ray that area of your cat’s body.

Why did my 14 year old cat go to the vet?

To use this feature subscribe to Mumsnet Premium – get first access to new features see fewer ads, and support Mumsnet. My beautiful and beloved 14-year-old cat, who has been with me for over half my life, went to the vet on Friday because she was a bit lethargic and less interested in her food over the past 3 weeks or so.

When to get surgery for a feline mammary tumor?

Mammary (Feline Mammary Tumor) : This is the third most frequently occurring tumors in cats and can be seen in both males and females. Feline mammary tumors are seen in cats between age 10 and 12 and may require surgery and chemotherapy. They tumor type is called adenocarcinomas.

How old do cats have to be to have a mammary tumor?

Mammary tumors are most commonly diagnosed in older cats between 10 and 14 years of age. Unlike other species, the feline mammary tumor is very aggressive, with 80-90% of all tumors found to be malignant. For this reason, the prognosis for cats diagnosed with a mammary tumor is usually poor.

How to diagnose malignant tumors in cats?

Diagnosing Malignant Tumors in Cats. Malignant tumors may be diagnosed through x-rays, ultrasounds and possibly a biopsy of the excess grown cells. Blood tests may reveal tumors that are located in less visible areas (such as the liver). CT scans or an MRI will be needed to diagnose brain or skull tumors. The vet will establish if…

Can a vet tell if a cat has cancer?

While this doesn’t necessarily remove the cancer that cause the tumor, in some cases it helps the cat enter remission, or the appearance of being cancer-free. Only a veterinarian is qualified to guess how long your cat will live if she has cancer, and he can only do it on a case-by-case basis.

Meanwhile, cat skin cancer (cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma) affects mainly the head, ears, eyelids and nose. These tumors are firm plaques that can be ulcerated, bleed and scab over. They may also present as non-haired lumps or bumps. Cat skin cancer rarely spreads to other organs, but it can recur in the same area after initial removal.

What are the symptoms of mast cell tumors in cats?

When the cells are not reacting normally they form what is known as female mast cell tumors on the skin and beneath the skin. The tumors can appear as multiple skin lesions. MCT tumors are also found in the cat spleen and liver, which can also cause symptoms such as vomiting.

What are the symptoms of an elderly cat with cancer?

An elderly cat with cancer may experience weight loss, diarrhea, vomiting, lack of appetite, lethargy, disorientation, vocalization, and more. If your cat has cancer and is beginning to have any of these symptoms, it’s probably time to talk to your vet about their quality of life.

How big is the tumour on my Cat?

The vet found a huge tumour in her torso – between the ribs, over the whole abdomen, probably the same size or larger than my hand just in terms of the surface it covers. You can feel it through her skin – a very hard, unmoving lump.

How old do cats have to be to get cancer?

About 20 to 30 years ago, this virus led to cancer development in young cats (2 to 5 years old). With the advent of virus testing, vaccination against FeLV and selective breeding, the cancer caused by this virus has diminished greatly.

What kind of tumor does a cat have?

Leiomyoma of the Stomach, Small, and Large Intestine in Cats. A leiomyoma of the stomach and intestinal tract is an unusual, but harmless and non-spreading tumor arising from the smooth muscle of the stomach and intestinal tract.

What to do if your cat has cancer?

If your vet suspects cancer, certain tests can reveal the issue. Your vet will do a complete physical exam and blood work and might also want to do an ultrasound of your cat’s abdomen to look inside. 10. Cats can live for many years after a cancer diagnosis.

How did my cat die from a tumour?

The cat eventually died in his sleep the night before he was due to be pts. Dog had a huge fast growing tumour and was in too much pain, so it took us a couple of weeks to be truly sure it was time as she would rally, then get worse. It’s coming up to a year now for her. Still hurts, but it’s worse thinking of how muych pain she was in.

Can a 5 year old cat get brain cancer?

They can even get many of the same types of cancer humans can get – including brain cancer. The most common form of brain cancer in cats is a meningioma or a glioma. Older pets (five or more years old) have a higher risk of getting cancer and both sexes are equally vulnerable. Does my cat have a brain tumor?

They can even get many of the same types of cancer humans can get – including brain cancer. The most common form of brain cancer in cats is a meningioma or a glioma. Older pets (five or more years old) have a higher risk of getting cancer and both sexes are equally vulnerable. Does my cat have a brain tumor?

How old does a cat have to be to have a mammary tumor?

Mammary tumors are among the most common tumors in the cat; Domestic Shorthairs and Siamese may have higher incidence rates than other breeds. The mean age at presentation is 10 to 12 years.

How long can a cat live with breast cancer?

Generally, the prognosis for cats with breast or mammary cancer is guarded, with a few exceptions. If the cat’s tumor is smaller than 2cm, it may survive for up to three years. Cats with tumors between 2 and 3cm may survive fur up to two years and cats whose tumors are larger than 3cm may survive for up to six months.

Can a cat with mammary cancer have only one side removed?

You did not say if only one side is affected or if the multiple lumps involve both sides. Irregardless, I would suggest in your case that both chains (left side and right side) be removed, but that it be done in 2 separate operations.

How old do cats have to be to get mammary cancer?

The information on this page concerns the situation for our feline friends. In the cat, mammary cancer is the third most common cancer, with the most common victim being a senior female cat around age 10-12 years who either remains unspayed or was spayed well into adulthood.

How is Grade 3 mammary cancer treated in cats?

Grade III tumors treated with surgery alone had no survivors at one year from the time of diagnosis. The first step in treatment is surgical removal of as much of the tumor as possible. This means removing not just the affected mammary glands but the entire chain of mammary glands on that side.

Generally, the prognosis for cats with breast or mammary cancer is guarded, with a few exceptions. If the cat’s tumor is smaller than 2cm, it may survive for up to three years. Cats with tumors between 2 and 3cm may survive fur up to two years and cats whose tumors are larger than 3cm may survive for up to six months.

What can be done for mast cell tumors in cats?

Corticosteroids and radiation are also used when surgical methods are unavailable. Spleen removal (splenectomy) can improve the cats survival time from 12 months to as long as 3 years. If the mast cell tumors are found in the intestines, death usually occurs within 4 months. Chemotherapy has not shown to be effective.

What do you call a fatty tumor on a cat?

Tumors. Fatty tumors, called lipomas, may show up anywhere on a cat’s body. They aren’t cancerous and don’t need to be removed unless they keep your cat from getting around well. They’re seen more often in older or overweight cats. To check a lump for cancer, your vet will use a needle to get a sample.

Mammary (Feline Mammary Tumor) : This is the third most frequently occurring tumors in cats and can be seen in both males and females. Feline mammary tumors are seen in cats between age 10 and 12 and may require surgery and chemotherapy. They tumor type is called adenocarcinomas.

Can a mast cell tumor on a cat be removed?

Mast Cell Tumors can occur alone or as multiple tumors, usually around the head and neck of cats, but sometimes they will also involve the spleen, liver, and/or bone marrow. Mast cell tumors of the skin are usually not very aggressive in cats and surgery to remove them often results in a cure.

What kind of cancer can a 9 year old cat have?

Unfortunately, in a 9- or 10-year-old cat, such a mass will likely be an enlarged lymph node caused by lymphoma, a blood and immune system cancer that is the most common cancer I see in cats. Sadly, it is usually aggressive and dangerous.

What kind of tumor is under my cat’s skin?

The following are several of the more common types of tumors that might be felt in or under a cat’s skin: Basal Cell Tumors are the most common type of skin tumor in middle-aged to older cats. Thankfully they are benign.

Are there different types of cancer in cats?

Understanding the different types of cancer in cats and learning to spot the symptoms is an essential part of being a proactive pet parent. Here’s a rundown of the feline cancers that are seen the most often.

What are symptoms of mammary carcinoma in cats?

Symptoms of a mammary carcinoma include: “There is a higher risk of developing these tumors in cats spayed after one year of age,” says Dr. Lachowicz. Siamese cats have also been found to be at twice the risk for this type of cancer than other breeds, but the reason for this is still unknown.

How can you tell if a cat has cancer?

“Cells can be obtained by aspirating a mass or tumor with a needle—or evaluating whole blood in the case of leukemia—and analyzed by cytology, which is a microscopic cell analysis,” says Dr. Lachowicz.

What kind of cancer does my cat have?

Squamous cell carcinoma (a kind of skin cancer that most often affects exposed (hairless) skin, i.e., on the nose, ears, and eyelids). (These are the three most common types, although cats also get leukemia, mammary cancer, and other types.) Lethargy, progressive loss of appetite, weight loss.

What are the symptoms of bone cancer in cats?

Bone Cancer – The signs of this cancer include lameness, swelling, and lethargy. It is fairly rare but tends to be aggressive. Current evidence doesn’t show a reason for cats developing this type of cancer though we do know it’s more common in larger and giant breed cats.

How can you tell if your cat has lung cancer?

Coughing or trouble breathing. A persistent, dry, non-productive cough can be a symptom of lung cancer. Bad breath may indicate oral cancer, although it’s also a symptom of a sinus infection. Straining to urinate or defecate. If your cat’s litter box habits change, it may be a sign.

Is there such a thing as a black cat?

Black kitties can have a harder time getting adopted into their forever home than cats of other colors. Those are 21 stunning black cat breeds to choose from! What’s even better is that if you believe in the folklore of certain countries, you’ll be treated to plenty of good luck by having a black cat in your house!

Is it good to know if your cat has cancer?

Although catching it early doesn’t always lead to a good prognosis, early diagnosis helps you and your veterinarian give your cat the best quality of life for the longest time possible. Understanding the different types of cancer in cats and learning to spot the symptoms is an essential part of being a proactive pet parent.

Which is the most common form of cancer in cats?

Lymphoma is the most common form of cancer in cats, which is often associated with feline leukemia virus, and accounts for 25 percent of all cases.

Why is my 13 year old cat losing muscle mass?

In the last couple of months, muscles are markedly My cat is 13. In the last couple of months, muscles are markedly wasting. A year ago he was inappetant and there was no cause found. No renal disease, no hepatic disease, heart was slightly enlarged, … read more My 13 year old cat has been losing mas over the past few months.

How old is my 15 year old cat?

My cat is 15 years old. He weighed 17 lbs. And within a few months lost 6 lbs. He eats well and acts the same as always. His stools seem … read more My tuxedo rescue is 8 now and has been losing muscle mass and has lost 1 pound 15 pounds to 14. As he scratches or grooms, his fur come out … read more

To use this feature subscribe to Mumsnet Premium – get first access to new features see fewer ads, and support Mumsnet. My beautiful and beloved 14-year-old cat, who has been with me for over half my life, went to the vet on Friday because she was a bit lethargic and less interested in her food over the past 3 weeks or so.

Why does my 18 year old cat have a lump in her stomach?

My 18-year-old cat has developed a lump in her stomach she’s not eating or drinking or going to the bathroom at all. She cries when touched or she’s picked up. I took her to the vet two weeks ago they did an x-ray and said there was nothing wrong but the other night I went to give her a bath and found a mass in her stomach.

It’s the diagnosis no pet parent wants to hear. Cancer is a serious disease, but it’s not always a death sentence, especially if you catch the cancer early and seek treatment. Knowing the signs of cancer in cats and things you can do to watch for cancer can literally save your cat’s life. Read on to learn 10 facts about cancer in cats. 1.

How long does a skin biopsy take for a cat?

Results take 2 to 3 weeks, so the test is often given at the first office visit just in case. A special lamp called a Woods Lamp is also used as an in-office diagnostic test for certain types of cat fungal skin infections. Skin biopsy : These tests look for problems such as cat skin cancer.

Results take 2 to 3 weeks, so the test is often given at the first office visit just in case. A special lamp called a Woods Lamp is also used as an in-office diagnostic test for certain types of cat fungal skin infections. Skin biopsy : These tests look for problems such as cat skin cancer.

How often do cats go out of remission from cancer?

“Remissions are achieved in approximately 60-80% of cats. This is seen in cases that follow the gold standard of chemotherapy—the longest protocol and most expensive. But many cats go out of remission and still have a great quality of life for years, during and after chemotherapy.

When to treat squamous cell carcinoma in cats?

Dr. Lachowicz explains, “These are very difficult to treat unless detected and removed early, so oral care by a vet is highly important.” He recommends taking your cat for vet exams every six months when they are eight to 10 years of age. According to Dr. Lachowicz, symptoms of squamous cell carcinomas may include:

What kind of cancer does a cat have?

According to Dr. Ettinger, the cancers she sees most often in cats are mammary cancer (breast cancer), skin cancer (lumps and bumps) and lymphoma (usually in the intestines).

Why are white cats more at risk for skin cancer?

White cats are more at risk of skin cancer from sunlight exposure. Infection with some viruses, including feline immunodeficiency virus or feline leukaemia virus (see FIV and FeLV) may increase the chances of getting cancer. Spaying a female cat when she is young greatly reduces the chances of breast cancer.

“Remissions are achieved in approximately 60-80% of cats. This is seen in cases that follow the gold standard of chemotherapy—the longest protocol and most expensive. But many cats go out of remission and still have a great quality of life for years, during and after chemotherapy.

How does a tumor spread in a cat?

A cancer may originate in one single tissue of the body, but it can sometimes affect faraway organs as it spreads, typically through the circulatory and lymphatic systems by a process vets refer to as metastasis. For example, cells dividing in a tumor that starts in your cat’s ear could travel through the bloodstream to her liver.

What are the symptoms of a feline mammary tumor?

Other symptoms that often appear years or months before respiratory problems can include weight loss, anorexia (appetite loss), and depression. Mammary (Feline Mammary Tumor) : This is the third most frequently occurring tumors in cats and can be seen in both males and females.

When do you know if your cat has a mammary tumor?

Mammary (Feline Mammary Tumor) : This is the third most frequently occurring tumors in cats and can be seen in both males and females. Feline mammary tumors are seen in cats between age 10 and 12 and may require surgery and chemotherapy.

How old does a cat have to be to get breast cancer?

Cats are more likely to get breast cancer if they’re intact/entire, female, and 10+ years old, although cases in cats as young as 4 years have been recorded. Siamese cats have twice the risk of tumors as mixed-breed cats, and other oriental breeds also get breast cancer more commonly.